Zeng, Wu https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3473-3638
Shapira, Gil
Gao, Tianjiao
Muvudi, Michel
Li, Guohong
Bouey, Jennifer
Antwisi, Delphin
Yamani, Fatma El Kadiri El
Funding for this research was provided by:
World Bank Group
Article History
Received: 8 October 2024
Accepted: 20 July 2025
First Online: 1 September 2025
Declarations
:
: Not applicable, as the study used primarily secondary data for the modelling.
: All authors declare no conflict of interest.