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Authors
Zi, Hao
Wang, Yong-Bo
Huang, Qiao
Zhang, Yuan-Yuan
He, Fa-Zhi
Xing, Li-Min
Yao, Yan
Li, Bing-Hui
Luo, Li-Sha
Li, Fei
Tang, Shi-Di
Zeng, Xian-Tao https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1262-725X
Huang, Jiao
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Article History
Received: 22 December 2024
Accepted: 24 September 2025
First Online: 17 December 2025
Declarations
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: The UK Biobank was approved by the North West Multicentre Research Ethics Committee (16/NW/0274). Ethical approval for CHARLS was obtained from the Institutional Review Board at Peking University. Approval for the Fengshen study was obtained from the Ethics Committee of Zhongnan Hospital at Wuhan University. Written informed consent was provided by all participants.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare that they have no competing interests. Xian-Tao Zeng is a member of the editorial board of Global Health Research and Policy. He was not involved in the review of decision related to this article.
