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Authors
Wamalwa, Phidelis Nasimiyu https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7789-1292
Strupat, Christoph
Singh, Kavita
Kuloba, MaryBennah N.
Kazungu, Jacob
De Allegri, Manuela
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Bundesministerium für Wirtschaftliche Zusammenarbeit und Entwicklung
Katholischer Akademischer Ausländer-Dienst
Foundation for the National Institutes of Health (1 K43 TW011164)
Universitätsklinikum Heidelberg
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Article History
Received: 17 February 2025
Accepted: 15 October 2025
First Online: 9 December 2025
Declarations
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: Our study was conducted in accordance with the principles outlined in the Declaration of Helsinki. The data collection activities were approved by the Kenya National Commission for Science, Technology, and Innovation (NACOSTI) (License No.: NACOSTI/P/19/1408). A written informed consent was obtained from each respondent before the interviews were conducted. The authors had no role in data collection and only accessed the data in an anonymized format. The Medical Faculty of Heidelberg University Ethics Committee waives ethics review when using secondary data that has been received in a fully anonymized format. Additional ethics approval was not required, as this analysis is based on publicly available secondary data.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare that they have no competing interests.
