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Authors
Gazi, Md Ismail https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5799-5027
Hamid, Hema Binte
Arafat, Md Yasir
Karim, Mohammad Enamul
Basak, Shiplu
Dutta, Rajib
Khan, Mohammad Emrul Hasan
Chowdhury, A. B. M. Alauddin
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Article History
Received: 7 May 2024
Revised: 14 December 2025
Accepted: 27 February 2026
First Online: 17 March 2026
Declarations
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: All ethical principles were followed per the Helsinki Declaration (1964) for medical research involving human subjects and research. The FAHS Research Ethics Committee of Daffodil International University reviewed and approved the ethical clearance (Ref. no. FAHSREC/DIU/2023/SMIG-03) before conducting the study. After the study objectives and methods were explained, informed written consent for the data collection was obtained from all the patients and healers. Their participation was voluntary, and they could withdraw from the study at any time. Anonymity was strictly maintained during photography and throughout the study.
: All participants have provided consent allowing for the publication of their anonymized responses and narratives in this research. Identifying details have been modified or omitted to ensure confidentiality.
: We have no competing interests.
