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Article History

Received: 21 November 2023

Accepted: 6 March 2024

First Online: 5 May 2024

Declarations

:

: The protocol for this research was approved by an external review committee for the research data governance group (RDG) for the Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency (MHRA) Database Research (protocol number 21_000468) and the approved protocol was made available to the journal and reviewers during peer review. Generic ethical approval for observational research using CPRD with approval from RDG was granted by a Health Research Authority (HRA) Research Ethics Committee (East Midlands–Derby, REC reference number 05/MRE04/87). Linked pseudonymized data were provided for this study by CPRD. Datasets were linked by National Health Service (NHS) Digital, the statutory trusted third party for linking data, using identifiable data held only by NHS Digital. Select practices consent to this process at a practice level, with individual patients having the right to opt-out.

: Not applicable.

: JKQ reports grants from MRC, HDR UK, A+LUK, AZ, BI, GSK and personal fees for advisory board participation or speaking from GSK, AZ, Insmed. ID reports grants from GSK and AZ and owns shares in GSK. AA and CK report no competing interests.