Pate, Alexander
Martin, Glen P.
Riley, Richard D.
Funding for this research was provided by:
MRC (MR/T025085/1)
EPSRC (EP/Y018516/1)
Birmingham Biomedical Research Centre
Article History
Received: 25 February 2025
Accepted: 14 January 2026
First Online: 18 May 2026
Change Date: 29 May 2026
Change Type: Update
Change Details: The supplementary files have been correctly reordered.
Change Date: 7 July 2026
Change Type: Correction
Change Details: A Correction to this paper has been published:
Change Details: https://doi.org/10.1186/s41512-026-00232-z
Declarations
:
: No ethics approval was required for this work. The patient data used in the applied example is freely available.
: RDR receives royalties for the textbooks ‘Prognosis Research in Healthcare’ and ‘Individual Participant Data Meta-Analysis’.