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Authors
Zhang, Youwen
Miao, Chanchan
Gao, Xuejun
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Article History
Received: 26 June 2025
Accepted: 21 October 2025
First Online: 20 November 2025
Declarations
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: This study utilized publicly available data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). NHANES is a publicly available database that has been reviewed and approved by the National Center for Health Statistics' Research Ethics Review Committee (protocol number 2021–05). All participants provided written informed consent. Ethics, Consent to Participate, and Consent to Publish declarations: not applicable.Related website link: .
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
