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Article History

Received: 12 February 2026

Accepted: 5 May 2026

First Online: 20 May 2026

Declarations

:

: This study was conducted in full conformance with the Guidelines for GPP published by the International Society of Pharmacoepidemiology (ISPE), the Helsinki Declaration of 1964, and the laws and regulations of the countries in which the research was conducted. Informed consent was collected from all participants prior to participating in the study. No identifiable data was collected during the course of this research or is included in this manuscript. The study (Protocol #2025—0035) was approved by Pearl Institutional Review Board (IRB).

: Not applicable.

: Matthew Fisher is an employee and shareholder of Haleon. Haleon manufactures and distributes consumer healthcare products. Andrew D. Krystal has received research grants from Janssen Pharmaceuticals, Axsome Therapeutics, Attune, Eisai, Harmony, Neurocrine Biosciences, Reveal Biosensors, The Ray and Dagmar Dolby Family Fund, Weill Institute for Neurosciences, and the National Institutes of Health, and consulted for Axsome Therapeutics, AbbVie, Big Health, Eisai, Evecxia, Harmony Biosciences, Idorsia, Janssen Pharmaceuticals, Jazz Pharmaceuticals, Neurocrine Biosciences, Neumora, Neurawell, Otsuka Pharmaceuticals, Sage, Takeda; Stock Options: Neurawell, Big-Health. Michael L. Perlis has received research grants from Teva, Cephalon, Sanofi-Aventis, Axsome Therapeutics, consulted for Guidepoint and Gerson-Lehman Group, and has been a clinical advisor for Sanofi-Aventis, Takeda, Sepracor, Actelion, SleepEasily, InsomniSolv, Scientific Software Technologies, Lumosity, Nexalin, Anavex, PlayPower, NeuroUx, Z-Brain, Haleon/GSK. Matthew J. Heffler is an employee of Ipsos-Insight, LLC, who was contracted to conduct this study on behalf of Haleon.