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Article History

Received: 10 October 2021

Accepted: 13 May 2022

First Online: 2 June 2022

Declarations

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: Not applicable.

: Not applicable.

: MC is Director of the Birmingham Health Partners Centre for Regulatory Science and Innovation, Director of the Centre for Patient-Reported Outcomes Research and is a National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Senior Investigator. She receives funding from the NIHR Birmingham Biomedical Research Centre, the NIHR Surgical Reconstruction and Microbiology Research Centre and NIHR ARC West Midlands at the at the University of Birmingham and University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Health Data Research UK, Innovate UK (part of UK Research and Innovation), Macmillan Cancer Support, UCB and GSK. MC has received personal fees from Astellas, Takeda, Merck, Daiichi Sankyo, Glaukos, CIS Oncology, Aparito Ltd, GSK, Genentech and the Patient-Centered Outcomes Research Institute (PCORI) outside the submitted work. OLA receives funding from the NIHR Birmingham Biomedical Research Centre (BRC), NIHR Applied Research Collaboration (ARC) West Midlands at the University of Birmingham and University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation, Innovate UK (part of UK Research and Innovation), Gilead Sciences Ltd, and Janssen Pharmaceuticals, Inc. OLA declares personal fees from Gilead Sciences Ltd, GSK and Merck outside the submitted work. TK is an employee and shareholder of GSK Ltd. KM is the holder of the GSK PhD grant. Other authors declare no competing interests. The views expressed in this article are those of the authors and not necessarily those of the NIHR, or the Department of Health and Social Care.