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Article History

Received: 9 July 2024

Accepted: 4 June 2025

First Online: 23 June 2025

Declarations

:

: This study comprises a secondary data analysis and did not require additional ethical approval. The E-SEE trial was approved by the National Health Service (NHS) North Wales Research Ethics Committee (REC) 5, Bangor on 22nd May 2015 (REC Reference: 15/WA/0178, IRAS 173,946), and by Departmental Ethics Committee, University of York on 10th August 2015 (Reference: FC15/03). All participants provided written informed consent which included consent for their data to be used for further research such as this. Copies of the consent forms can be found at:

: Not applicable.

: The authors confirm the independence of researchers from funders and that all authors had full access to the study data (including statistical reports and tables) and take responsibility for the integrity of the data and the accuracy of the analysis. SB, NG and TB were supported by the grant, National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Public Health Research (PHR) (ref 13/93/10) (see ). SB is also part-supported by the NIHR Yorkshire and Humber Applied Research Collaboration (ARC-YH; Ref: NIHR200166, see ,); GJMT is part-supported by the South West Peninsula ARC (PenARC, Ref: NIHR200167, see ). The funders were not involved in the study design; data collection, analysis, and interpretation; in the writing of the report; or in the decision to submit the article for publication. The views in this publication are those of the authors and not necessarily those of the NIHR or the Department of Health and Social Care.