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Authors
Yang, Heqin
Khatiwada, Asmita Priyadarshini
Curtis, Jeffrey R.
Nowell, W. Benjamin
Gavigan, Kelly
Hawkins, Gary
Seals, Cheryl
Rose, Chad G.
McCormick, Nicholas P.
Garza, Kimberly B. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4684-372X
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
National Institute of Health (1P30AR072583)
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Article History
Received: 13 December 2024
Accepted: 19 September 2025
First Online: 4 November 2025
Declarations
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: The study was approved by Intuitional Review Board in Auburn University and Central Institutional Review Board (Advarra), consent was obtained from all participants, registry data was de-identified, and researchers were given permission to use the data.
: Not applicable.
: Heqin Yang, Asmita Priyadarshini Khatiwada, Jeffrey R. Curtis, Kelly Gavigan, Gary Hawkins, Cheryl Seals, Chad G. Rose, Nicholas P. McCormick, and Kimberly B. Garza declare that they have no competing interests. William Benjamin Nowell has received research grants from Abbvie, Amgen, Janssen, and Scipher Medicine, consulting fees from Abbvie and Janssen, and owns stock in Regeneron. His current affiliation is Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Tarrytown, NY, USA. He contributed to this article as an employee of Global Healthy Living Foundation and the views expressed do not necessarily represent the views of Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Inc. Kelly Gavigan, Global Healthy Living Foundation, current address Modus Outcomes, A THREAD Company. Kelly Gavigan contributed to this article as an employee of Global Healthy Living Foundation and the views expressed do not necessarily represent the views of Modus Outcomes.
