Document is current

Article History

Received: 24 February 2026

Accepted: 20 April 2026

First Online: 25 May 2026

Declarations

Ethical considerations: The research was conducted following the latest revision of the Declaration of Helsinki and in accordance with the Guidelines for Good Pharmacoepidemiological Practices. The study was approved by the competent national independent ethics committee (Comité de Protection des Personnes, CPP) in France on November 10, 2023, in accordance with French regulations (study ID 2023-A01882-43). An information notice and non-opposition form were provided to patients during a routine visit. Additionally, this manuscript and the data it presents does not contain any personally identifiable information as all results are aggregated. Regarding authors, all authors approved the final manuscript for publication.

Competing interests: Cecile Donze reports a relationship with Biogen that includes: board membership, consulting or advisory, and speaking and lecture fees. Cecile Donze reports a relationship with Sanofi Winthrop Industrie SA that includes: board membership, consulting or advisory, and speaking and lecture fees. Cecile Donze reports a relationship with Merz Pharmaceuticals LLC that includes: board membership, consulting or advisory, and speaking and lecture fees. Cecile Donze reports a relationship with Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation that includes: board membership, consulting or advisory, and speaking and lecture fees. Cecile Donze reports a relationship with Roche SAS that includes: board membership, consulting or advisory, and speaking and lecture fees. Cecile Donze reports a relationship with Coloplast Group that includes: board membership, consulting or advisory, and speaking and lecture fees. Cecile Donze reports a relationship with AbbVie SAS that includes: board membership, consulting or advisory, and speaking and lecture fees. Claude Mekies reports a relationship with Bayer Corporation that includes: board membership, consulting or advisory, and speaking and lecture fees. Claude Mekies reports a relationship with Biogen that includes: board membership, consulting or advisory, and speaking and lecture fees. Claude Mekies reports a relationship with Bristol-Myers Squibb Company that includes: board membership, consulting or advisory, and speaking and lecture fees. Claude Mekies reports a relationship with Celgene Sarl that includes: board membership, consulting or advisory, and speaking and lecture fees. Claude Mekies reports a relationship with Eisai SAS that includes: board membership, consulting or advisory, and speaking and lecture fees. Claude Mekies reports a relationship with Genzyme Corporation that includes: board membership, consulting or advisory, and speaking and lecture fees. Claude Mekies reports a relationship with GSK that includes: board membership, consulting or advisory, and speaking and lecture fees. Claude Mekies reports a relationship with Janssen Pharmaceuticals Inc that includes: board membership, consulting or advisory, and speaking and lecture fees. Claude Mekies reports a relationship with Eli Lilly and Company that includes: board membership, consulting or advisory, and speaking and lecture fees. Claude Mekies reports a relationship with Merck & Co Inc that includes: board membership, consulting or advisory, and speaking and lecture fees. Claude Mekies reports a relationship with Novartis Pharma SAS that includes: board membership, consulting or advisory, and speaking and lecture fees. Claude Mekies reports a relationship with Pfizer SAS that includes: board membership, consulting or advisory, and speaking and lecture fees. Claude Mekies reports a relationship with Roche SAS that includes: board membership, consulting or advisory, and speaking and lecture fees. Claude Mekies reports a relationship with Sandoz SAS that includes: board membership, consulting or advisory, and speaking and lecture fees. Claude Mekies reports a relationship with Sanofi Winthrop Industrie SA that includes: board membership, consulting or advisory, and speaking and lecture fees. Claude Mekies reports a relationship with Teva Santé SAS that includes: board membership, consulting or advisory, and speaking and lecture fees. Catherine Mouzawak reports a relationship with Biogen that includes: board membership and speaking and lecture fees. Catherine Mouzawak reports a relationship with Janssen Pharmaceuticals Inc that includes: board membership and speaking and lecture fees. Catherine Mouzawak reports a relationship with Merck & Co Inc that includes: board membership and speaking and lecture fees. Catherine Mouzawak reports a relationship with Novartis Pharma SAS that includes: board membership and speaking and lecture fees. Catherine Mouzawak reports a relationship with Roche SAS that includes: board membership and speaking and lecture fees. Catherine Mouzawak reports a relationship with Sanofi Winthrop Industrie SA that includes: board membership and speaking and lecture fees. David Pau reports a relationship with Roche SAS that includes: employment. Alexandre Civet reports a relationship with Roche SAS that includes: employment. Lucie Brechenmacher reports a relationship with Roche SAS that includes: employment. Geraud Paillot reports a relationship with Merck & Co Inc that includes: board membership, consulting or advisory, and speaking and lecture fees. Geraud Paillot reports a relationship with Novartis Pharma SAS that includes: board membership, consulting or advisory, and speaking and lecture fees. Geraud Paillot reports a relationship with Roche SAS that includes: board membership, consulting or advisory, and speaking and lecture fees. Mickael Cohen reports a relationship with Biogen that includes: board membership, consulting or advisory, and speaking and lecture fees. Mickael Cohen reports a relationship with Merck & Co Inc that includes: board membership, consulting or advisory, and speaking and lecture fees. Mickael Cohen reports a relationship with Sanofi Winthrop Industrie SA that includes: board membership, consulting or advisory, and speaking and lecture fees. Mickael Cohen reports a relationship with Roche SAS that includes: board membership, consulting or advisory, and speaking and lecture fees. Mickael Cohen reports a relationship with Celgene Corporation that includes: board membership, consulting or advisory, and speaking and lecture fees. Mickael Cohen reports a relationship with Bristol-Myers Squibb Company that includes: board membership, consulting or advisory, and speaking and lecture fees. Mickael Cohen reports a relationship with Janssen Pharmaceuticals Inc that includes: board membership, consulting or advisory, and speaking and lecture fees. Mickael Cohen reports a relationship with Alexion Pharma France SAS that includes: board membership, consulting or advisory, and speaking and lecture fees. Mickael Cohen reports a relationship with Horizon Therapeutics that includes: board membership, consulting or advisory, and speaking and lecture fees. Mickael Cohen reports a relationship with Ad Scientiam that includes: board membership, consulting or advisory, and speaking and lecture fees. Patrick Vermersch reports a relationship with Biogen that includes: speaking and lecture fees. Patrick Vermersch reports a relationship with Sanofi Genzyme France that includes: funding grants and speaking and lecture fees. Patrick Vermersch reports a relationship with Novartis Pharma SAS that includes: funding grants and speaking and lecture fees. Patrick Vermersch reports a relationship with Merck & Co Inc that includes: funding grants and speaking and lecture fees. Patrick Vermersch reports a relationship with Roche SAS that includes: speaking and lecture fees. Patrick Vermersch reports a relationship with AB Science that includes: speaking and lecture fees. Patrick Vermersch reports a relationship with Janssen Pharmaceuticals Inc that includes: speaking and lecture fees. Patrick Vermersch reports a relationship with Ad Scientiam that includes: speaking and lecture fees. If there are other authors, they declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.