Funding for this research was provided by:
National Scientific Foundation of China (82101992, 82172051)
Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital (2022hbyjxys-rjl)
Shanghai Municipal Health Commission (20194Y0104)
Article History
Received: 31 March 2025
Accepted: 26 June 2025
First Online: 21 July 2025
Declarations
:
: This retrospective study was approved by the Ethics Review Board of Shanghai Eye & ENT Hospital of Fudan University.
: The requirement for written informed consent was waived (approval number: 2023-YS-142; approval date: August 25th, 2023).
: The authors have no relevant financial or non-financial interests to disclose.