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Article History

Received: 8 December 2024

Accepted: 2 July 2025

First Online: 12 August 2025

Declarations

:

: Institutional Review Board approval was obtained (IRB-No. 1521/2015).

: Written informed consent was waived by the Institutional Review Board.

: AB: honoraria for consulting from Bayer, speaker fees from Bayer and Siemens. TR received grant support from AbbVie, Boehringer Ingelheim, Gilead, Intercept, MSD, Myr Pharmaceuticals, Philips Healthcare, Pliant, Siemens and W. L. Gore & Associates; speaking honoraria from AbbVie, Gilead, Intercept, Roche, MSD, W. L. Gore & Associates; consulting/advisory board fees from AbbVie, Bayer, Boehringer Ingelheim, Gilead, Intercept, MSD, Siemens; and travel support from AbbVie, Boehringer Ingelheim, Gilead and Roche. MM received grants from Echosens, served as a speaker and/or consultant and/or advisory board member for AbbVie, Collective Acumen, Echosens, Gilead, Ipsen, Takeda, and W. L. Gore & Associates, and received travel support from AbbVie and Gilead. BS received travel support from AbbVie, Gilead, and Falk. GS received travel support from Amgen. MT received grant support from Albireo, Alnylam, Cymabay, Falk, Genentech, Gilead, Intercept, MSD, Takeda and UltraGenyx, honoraria for consulting from AbbVie, Albireo, Agomab, Boehringer Ingelheim, BiomX, Chemomab, Dexoligo Therapeutics, Falk, Genfit, Gilead, GSK, Hightide, Intercept, Ipsen, Jannsen, Mirum, MSD, Novartis, Phenex, Pliant, Rectify, Regulus, Siemens and Shire, speaker fees from Albireo, Boehringer Ingelheim, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Falk, Gilead, Ipsen, Intercept, MSD and Madrigal, as well as travel support from AbbVie, Falk, Gilead, Jannsen and Intercept. He is also co-inventor (service inventions as an employee) of patents on the medical use of 24-norursodeoxycholic acid filed and owned by the Medical University of Graz. BW has given scientific presentations for Philips GmbH for which monetary compensation was received. GL reports a relationship with Siemens Healthineers, Boehringer Ingelheim GmbH and Roche that includes speaking and lecture fees, and a relationship with Contextflow GmbH that includes equity or stocks. GL and DS received funding from Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation. AH, SPL, NB, LB, SB, MW: nothing to disclose.