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Authors
Gallotti, Alberto L.
Pecco, Nicolò
Pieri, Valentina
Cominelli, Manuela
Brugnara, Gianluca
Altabella, Luisa
Pagano, Ilaria
Callea, Marcella
Fodor, Andrei
Gagliardi, Filippo
Mortini, Pietro
Poliani, Pietro L.
Falini, Andrea
Castellano, Antonella
Galli, Rossella https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9023-7033
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Ministero della Salute (RF-2016-02361014)
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Article History
Received: 18 June 2025
Accepted: 17 October 2025
First Online: 14 November 2025
Declarations
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: All patients accessing the Neurosurgery Department at IRCCS San Raffaele Hospital with a diagnosis of higher-grade glioma were considered eligible. Informed consent, as approved by IRCCS San Raffaele Hospital Ethical Committee, was collected from all patients (protocol 01CSC07/2019). Exclusion criteria were: (1) incomplete preoperative advanced diffusion MRI and (2) diagnosis other than IDHwt GBM. All animal experiments were approved by and performed in accordance with the guidelines of the International Animal Care and Use Committee and conformed to the Italian Ministry of Health guidelines for animal welfare (protocol 903/2018-PR).
: Not applicable.
: AC is a member of the Scientific Editorial Board of European Radiology Experimental (Section: Neuro) and, as such, did not participate in the selection or review processes for this article. The remaining authors declare no competing interests.
