Lee, Jin
Shin, Byeong-Kwon
Yu, Gwang-Hyun
Dang, Thanh Vu
Yoon, Chang Jin
Lee, Jae Hwan
Lee, Chong-Ho
Han, Young-Min
Kim, Jin-Young
Kim, Kun Yung https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2018-8130
Funding for this research was provided by:
Seoul National University Bundang Hospital Research Fund (09-2025-0008)
Grant of the Korea Health Technology R&D Project through the Korea Health Industry Development Institute (KHIDI), funded by the Ministry of Health & Welfare, Republic of Korea (RS-2025-19252970, 50)
Institute of Information & Communications Technology Planning & Evaluation(IITP)-Innovative Human Resource Development for Local Intellectualization program grant funded by the Korea governmen (IITP-2026-RS-2022-00156287)
Artificial intelligence industrial convergence cluster development project funded by the Ministry of Science and ICT(MSIT, Korea)&Gwangju Metropolitan City
Article History
Received: 8 October 2025
Revised: 6 April 2026
Accepted: 13 May 2026
First Online: 8 June 2026
Declarations
:
: This single-center retrospective study was approved by the Institutional Review Board of Jeonbuk National University Hospital (approval number: 2025-03-007).
: The requirement for written informed consent was waived because of the retrospective nature of the study and the use of anonymized imaging data.
: VTD is affiliated with AISeed Inc. The remaining authors declare that they have no competing interests.