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Article History

Received: 23 May 2022

Accepted: 24 February 2023

First Online: 21 March 2023

Declarations

:

: This study was conducted in accordance with the Ethical Guidelines for Medical and Health Research Involving Human Subjects. The ethics committee of National Hospital Organization Sagamihara National Hospital approved that this study is appropriate for the opt-out method according to ethical guidelines and allowed to waive the need of written informed consent. The NinJa project was reviewed and approved by the ethics committee of National Hospital Organization Sagamihara National Hospital (2014031816) and the ethics committees of participating institutions. The list of participating institutions: National Hospital Organization Tokyo National Hospital, National Hospital Organization Sagamihara National Hospital, National Hospital Organization Hokkaido Medical Center, Tsugaru General Hospital, National Hospital Organization Asahikawa Medical Center, National Hospital Organization Morioka Medical Center, Maebashi Hirosegawa Clinic, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, University of Yamanashi Hospital, Saitama Medical University Hospital, Japanese Red Cross Ogawa Hospital, National Hospital Organization Shimoshizu National Hospital, Teikyo University Chiba Medical Center, Kohnodai Hospital, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, The University of Tokyo Hospital, National Hospital Organization Tokyo Medical Center, Tokyo Metropolitan Tama Medical Center, Tokyo Medical University Hospital, Tokyo Medical And Dental University Hospital, Tokyo Medical University Hachioji Medical Center, Tokyo Metropolitan Bokutoh Hospital, Soshigaya Okura Clinic, Tama-Hokubu Medical Center, Yokohama Rosai Hospital, National Hospital Organization Yokohama Medical Center, Niigata Rheumatic Center, Marunouchi Hospital, National Hospital Organization Awara Hospital, University of Toyama, Faculty of Medicine, National Hospital Organization Nagoya Medical Center, National Hospital Organization Osaka Minami Medical Center, National Hospital Organization Osaka Toneyama Medical Center, The Hospital of Hyogo College of Medicine, Amagasaki Health Co-operative Hospital, National Hospital Organization Himeji Medical Center, Kurashiki Medical Center, Oyama Clinic, Hiroshima University Hospital, National Hospital Organization Kochi National Hospital, National Hospital Organization Kyushu Medical Center, National Hospital Organization Fukuoka Hospital, National Hospital Organization Ureshino Medical Center, National Hospital Organization Nagasaki Medical Center, National Hospital Organization Beppu Medical Center, National Hospital Organization Miyakonojo Medical Center, Kumamoto Shinto General Hospital, Japanese Red Cross Kumamoto Hospital, Japanese Red Cross Kagoshima Hospital, Northern Okinawa Medical Center.

: Not applicable.

: TN and AH have no competing interests to disclose. ST has received grants from Pfizer Japan Inc., Mitsubishi-Tanabe Pharm Co., Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd., Chugai Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., and AbbVie Japan Co., Ltd. and honorariums for speakers from Pfizer Japan Inc., Ono Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Chugai Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Takeda Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Astellas Pharm Inc., Ayumi Pharmaceutical, QIAGEN K. K., Mitsubishi-Tanabe Pharm Co., and AsahiKASEI Co., Ltd. TM has received grants from AbbVie Japan Co., Ltd., Asahi Kasei Pharma, Astellas Pharma Inc., Chugai Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Eisai Co., Ltd., Pfizer Inc., Mitsubishi-Tanabe Pharma Co., and Taisho Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. and honorarium for lectures from AbbVie Japan Co., Ltd., Asahi Kasei Pharma, Astellas Pharma Inc., Chugai Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd., Eisai Co., Ltd., Eli Lilly Japan K.K., Mitsubishi-Tanabe Pharma Co., Ono Pharmaceutical, Pfizer Inc., Takeda Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., and UCB Japan Co., Ltd.