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Article History

Received: 25 August 2025

Accepted: 13 February 2026

First Online: 28 February 2026

Declarations

:

: This study is a post-hoc analysis of data from the CSMC trial with clinicaltrial.gov numbers (NCT00704847 and NCT00486434. No new data was generated in this post hoc analysis. The original clinical trial was a global study approved by the Institutional Review Boards in China, Poland, Romania, Denmark, Estonia, and the Czech Republic and adhered to the ethical principles outlined in the Declaration of Helsinki. All included patients consented to the use of serum and urine samples for studying joint tissue turnover biomarkers.

: Not applicable.

: ACBJ, KH, CST, PEF, and MAK are full-time employees and shareholders of Nordic Bioscience, a privately owned soluble biomarker company. KM is a full-time employee of Nordic Bioscience. AB is a full-time employee and shareholder of NBCD A/S. No AI technologies were used to generate the data or the manuscript. The manuscript was edited for English language by a human editor.