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Authors
Alqethami, Abdallah
Basalama, Mohammed
Alsaedi, Samiyah
Alqahtani, Khulud
Alsindi, Eman
Alsaeedi, Sabri
Mahroos, Roaa
Taher, Maysoon
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Article History
Received: 25 December 2025
Accepted: 23 February 2026
First Online: 18 March 2026
Declarations
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: This study was approved by the Institutional Review Board of King Fahad General Hospital, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. The study was conducted in accordance with the ethical principles of the Declaration of Helsinki. Due to the retrospective nature of the study and the use of anonymized data, the requirement for written informed consent was waived by the Institutional Review Board.
: Written informed consent was waived by the Institutional Review Board due to the retrospective design of the study and the use of anonymized patient data.
: Not applicable. The manuscript does not contain any identifiable individual patient data.
: No artificial intelligence tools were used in data analysis. AI-assisted language editing tools were used for language refinement only.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
