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Authors
Tri Meilana, Andi Nur Sakina
Auerkari, Elza Ibrahim
Suhartono, Antonius Winoto
Gultom, Ferry
Idrus, Erik
Oscandar, Fahmi
Oktaviana, Fahriza Rizki
Primasari, Ameta
Hamrun, Nurlindah
Auerkari, Pertti
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Article History
Received: 20 November 2024
Accepted: 20 June 2025
First Online: 5 July 2025
Declarations
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: Not applicable. This study utilized anonymized secondary dental records and did not involve direct interaction with human participants. The use of these data was approved by the institutional ethics committee. Informed consent to participate was waived due to the retrospective and anonymized nature of the data. All data handling procedures complied with ethical guidelines in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki.
: The use of anonymized secondary data was approved by the institutional ethics committee, and consent for publication was not required.
: The authors declare that they have no competing interests.
