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Article History

Received: 15 October 2024

Accepted: 24 December 2024

First Online: 11 January 2025

Declarations

:

: All participants were asked to sign a written informed consent form. Data confidentialities were warranted. The study had been conducted after approval of Ethical committee and institutional reviewing board (IRB), Faculty of Medicine, Benha University, code number: Sci-Z-2022-103.

: Not applicable.

: In contrast to our findings, Park et al. revealed that the fresh sperm group exhibited a considerably higher pregnancy rate than the frozen sperm group (44.3% vs. 20%; <i>p</i> < 0.001). (Park, et al., ) Lahimer et al. demonstrated that the addition of L-carnitine to sperm preservation media resulted in higher pregnancy rates compared to the control group (20.6% vs. 9.8%; <i>p</i> = 0.01), with a significantly higher live birth rate in the L-carnitine group (13% vs. 5.3%; <i>p</i> = 0.03). (Lahimer, et al., ) Scaruffi et al. also showed a significant increase in pregnancy rates after using antioxidants for men (before vs. after: 2% vs. 35%; <i>p</i> < 0.001).(Scaruffi, et al., ).