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Article History

Received: 12 February 2024

Accepted: 25 September 2024

First Online: 10 October 2024

Declarations

:

: The study was a cross-sectional, hospital-based study conducted from August 2020 to June 2021. The sample was selected from patients diagnosed with COVID-19 infection at Ain Shams University hospitals (outpatient clinics and inpatient units). Approval of the research was received from the Research Ethical Committee at the Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University (FMASU REC) under the approval number FMASU M S 529/2020. Patients participating in the study provided informed consent after a thorough explanation of the study’s design and objectives. Participants had the option to withdraw from the study at any point without the need for justification. Additionally, participants were made aware that the findings of this study might be utilized for scientific publication, and the confidentiality of their information was guaranteed.

: Not applicable.

: The authors declare no competing interests.