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Authors
El-shafei, Mohammed Abdou Saad Yousef
Albialy, Mohammad Abdulaziz
Ali, Ali Khodier
El-Sherif, Ahmed Mahmoud https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5674-1535
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Article History
Received: 1 September 2025
Accepted: 19 December 2025
First Online: 20 February 2026
Declarations
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: Before starting the study, the protocol was submitted to the Research Ethics Committee of the Faculty of Medicine at Al-Azhar University, which represents the internal review board (IRB). Informed consent was secured by all participating patients or their legal guardians in compliance with guidelines of the Declaration of Helsinki.
: Consent for publication was obtained as a part of the university’s hospital policy. However, the participants’ personal data is not disclosed.
: Nothing to disclose.
