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Authors
Czura, Christopher J.
Weyand, Angela C.
Baldwin, Maureen K.
Recht, Michael
Benner, Caroline G.
Harada, Kimiko
Wade, Brooke L.
Luellen, Meghan
Darrow, Michael J.
McWade, Melanie A.
Covalin, Alejandro
Khodaparast, Navid
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Pathway to Cures
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Article History
Received: 1 January 2026
Accepted: 13 March 2026
First Online: 4 April 2026
Declarations
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: WCG (Princeton, NJ) provided ethics approval for this study, including the clinical investigational plan and informed consent forms.
: Two images included in Fig. include images of individuals (not study participants) wearing tAN earpieces; consent to publish these images was obtained from these individuals and consent forms are on file at Spark Biomedical, Inc.
: CJC, CGB, KH, BLW, ML, MD, MAM, AC, and NK are employees of, and have stock positions in, Spark Biomedical, Inc. MR was the Chief Medical and Science Officer of the National Bleeding Disorders Foundation at the time this study was conducted.
