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Authors
Satybaldiyeva, Nora
Yang, Kevin H.
Kepner, Wayne
Ferran, Karen
Leas, Eric C.
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (5T32HL161270-03)
National Institute on Drug Abuse (T32DA035165)
National Institute on Drug Abuse (K01DA054303)
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Article History
Received: 11 October 2024
Accepted: 5 November 2025
First Online: 9 December 2025
Declarations
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: The study was reviewed and approved by the Ipsos KnowledgePanel IRB and determined exempt human subjects research by the University of California, San Diego, Human Research Protections Program. Participants consented per the Ipsos KnowledgePanel IRB.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
