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Article History

Received: 11 August 2025

Accepted: 8 February 2026

First Online: 9 April 2026

Declarations

:

: All studies were conducted in accordance with the principles and procedures outlined in the 3Rs guidelines of EU Directive 2010/63/EU (NC3Rs Reporting Guidelines Working Group, 2010), FELASA, and the ARRIVE guidelines (Percie du Sert et al. 2020). The experiments were approved by the Animal Care Committee of the Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Portugal (ORBEA_167_2018_1911/2018 and ORBEA_238_2019/1410/2019), and certified by the Portuguese National Authority for Animal Health (DGAV; 0421/000/000/2020). We also followed the ARRIVE guidelines for the design and execution of in vitro pharmacological experiments (see below), as well as for data management and interpretation (Clark et al. ). Not applicable for consent to participate.

: All authors have read and approved the final manuscript and consent to its publication.

: The authors declare no competing interests.