Document is current

Article History

Received: 25 February 2026

Accepted: 30 April 2026

First Online: 7 May 2026

Declarations

:

: Not applicable.

: Dr. Bernard Le Foll has obtained funding from Indivior for a clinical trial sponsored by Indivior. Dr. Le Foll has in-kind donations of placebo edibles from Indiva. Dr. Le Foll has obtained industry funding from Canopy Growth Corporation (through research grants handled by the Centre for Addiction and Mental Health and the University of Toronto). He has participated in a session of a National Advisory Board Meeting (Emerging Trends BUP-XR) for Indivior Canada and is part of Steering Board for a clinical trial for Indivior. He has been consultant for Shinogi, ThirdBridge and Changemark. He is part of a scientific advisory board for NFL Biosciences. He got travel support to attend an event by Bioprojet. He is supported by CAMH, Waypoint Centre for Mental Health Care, a clinician-scientist award from the department of Family and Community Medicine of the University of Toronto and a Chair in Addiction Psychiatry from the department of Psychiatry of University of Toronto. Dr. Christine Wickens serves on the Executive Committee of the International Council on Alcohol, Drugs and Traffic Safety (ICADTS) and on the Canadian Society of Forensic Science’s Drugs and Driving Committee, which acts as an advisory body to the Department of Justice with respect to issues of drug impaired driving. She also served on the Board of Directors of the Canadian Association of Road Safety Professionals (CARSP). No other authors have any conflicts to declare.