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Authors
Marquette, Anastasia
Greaves, Lorraine
Iraniparast, Maryam
Rundle, Samantha
Kucera, Ava
Hammond, David
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Canadian Institutes of Health Research (PJT-153342)
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Article History
Received: 3 October 2025
Accepted: 24 May 2026
First Online: 12 June 2026
Declarations
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: The study was reviewed by and received ethics clearance through a University of Waterloo Research Ethics Committee (ORE#31330). All respondents provided consent for study participation. All participants younger than 18 years were recruited through their parents, who provided consent as did the respondent.
: Not applicable.
: D.H. has provided paid expert testimony on behalf of public health authorities in response to legal claims from the tobacco, vaping, and cannabis industry. All remaining authors declare that they have no competing interests.
