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Article History

Received: 18 November 2025

Accepted: 28 May 2026

First Online: 3 June 2026

Declarations

Ethics approval and consent to participate: Not applicable.

Consent for publication: Not applicable.

Competing interests: The coauthors who were employees at the US Food and Drug Administration reviewed the study protocol, statistical analysis plan, and the manuscript for scientific accuracy and clarity of presentation, however, other officials at the US Food and Drug Administration had no role in the design and conduct of the study; collection, management, analysis, and interpretation of the data; preparation, review, or approval of the manuscript; and decision to submit the manuscript for publication. The manuscript was subjected to administrative review before submission, but this review did not alter its content. Almut G. Winterstein, Yan Wang, and Amie Goodin received salary support from the state of Florida-funded Consortium for Medical Marijuana Clinical Outcomes Research, which conducts, shares, and supports research on the effect of medical marijuana on health conditions and symptoms and includes eleven universities in Florida. The Consortium had no role in the design and conduct of the study; collection, management, analysis, and interpretation of the data; preparation, review, or approval of the manuscript; and decision to submit the manuscript for publication.Almut Winterstein, Yan Wang, and Amie Goodin received salary support from the state of Florida-funded Consortium for Medical Marijuana Clinical Outcomes Research, which conducts, shares, and supports research on the effect of medical marijuana on health conditions and symptoms and includes eleven universities in Florida. The Consortium had no role in the design and conduct of the study; collection, management, analysis, and interpretation of the data; preparation, review, or approval of the manuscript; and decision to submit the manuscript for publication.