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Article History

Received: 4 November 2025

Accepted: 1 June 2026

First Online: 13 June 2026

Declarations

:

: All procedures were conducted in accordance with the International Conference on Harmonization Good Clinical Practice Guidelines, the Declaration of Helsinki, and local laws and regulations. The protocol was approved by the Auburn University Institutional Review Board (IRB #20221017). Informed consent was obtained from all participants.

: Not applicable.

: JS has received research related funding from Canopy Growth Corporation and DynamiCare Health and consulting fees from Realm of Care Foundation and Merck Corporation in the past three years. EW has received research support from Canopy Growth Corporation for clinical research projects unrelated to this study and from has received funds from MyMD Pharmaceuticals, Mira1a Pharmaceuticals, Cultivate Biologics for research unrelated to this study. AH is a former employee of Canopy Growth Corporation. ENP received stock options as an employee of Canopy Growth Corporation during execution of study. MBM is an employee of Charlotte’s Web, a member of the Board of Directors at DeFloria, and a former employee of Canopy Growth Corporation. To address these conflicts of interest, Sara Blaine, an investigator at Auburn University without current or former connections to Canopy Growth, was permitted to oversee the study administration and data collection in addition to assisting with study design. The raw data were sent to JHU investigators for independent data curation and analyses. Additionally, the primary responsibilities for interpreting results and drafting the manuscript were held by David Wolinsky, who has no conflicts of interest. Moreover, Canopy Growth Corporation were not permitted to have rights to determine the ability or interpretation of published data.