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Article History

Received: 20 February 2025

Accepted: 29 July 2025

First Online: 15 September 2025

Declarations

:

: The Senate Research and Publication Committee at Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences granted ethical approval for the study under reference number DA.282/298/02L/186. The administration of Muhimbili National Hospital authorized data access under reference number MNH/CRTCU/Perm/2024/250. Patient information was handled confidentially using identification numbers instead of names.

: Not applicable.

: The authors declare no competing interests.