Document is current

Article History

Received: 6 June 2026

Accepted: 19 August 2026

First Online: 1 September 2026

Declarations

Ethical approval and consent to participate: Not applicable. This study is a scoping review of previously published, publicly available literature and did not involve any direct participation of human subjects, human-derived material, animals, or the collection of primary data. As no human participants were enrolled and no identifiable personal data were accessed, formal ethical approval and informed consent were not required.

Consent for publication: Not applicable. This manuscript does not contain any individual person’s data in any form (including individual details, images, or videos); therefore, consent for publication is not required.

Human ethics: Not applicable. The review synthesized data exclusively from peer-reviewed studies already in the public domain. No human participants were recruited or examined by the author, and therefore no human ethics review or institutional review board approval was sought or required for this work.

Artificial intelligence declaration statement: Artificial-intelligence-based tools were used to assist with literature retrieval, organization, language editing, and figure preparation during the preparation of this manuscript. Their use in figure preparation was confined to layout, formatting, and drafting the plotting code; all figure data were taken from the cited source studies and verified by the author. All bibliographic references were retrieved and verified against PubMed. The author reviewed and edited the manuscript and takes full responsibility for its entire content, including its accuracy, interpretation, and conclusions. No artificial-intelligence system is listed as an author.

Competing interests: The authors declare no competing interests.