Shahzad, Fahad
Mehmood, Kaleem
Hussain, Khadim
Haidar, Ijlal
Anees, Shoaib Ahmad
Muhammad, Sultan
Ali, Jamshid
Adnan, Muhammad
Wang, Zhichao
Feng, Zhongke
Funding for this research was provided by:
Beijing Forestry University (340/GK112301013)
Natural Science Foundation of Beijing Municipality (8232038, 8234065)
Education Department of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region (2023BEG02050)
Article History
Received: 14 February 2024
Accepted: 26 May 2024
First Online: 25 June 2024
Declarations
:
: This research did not involve human or animal subjects; therefore, formal ethical approval was not required. The study strictly adheres to general ethical principles, and the authors are committed to upholding the highest standards of ethical research conduct. Any potential conflicts of interest that could have influenced the ethical conduct of this research have been declared.Informed consent was obtained from all participants involved in this study. Participants were provided with detailed information about the research objectives, procedures, potential risks, and benefits before agreeing to participate. They were assured that their participation was voluntary, and they had the right to withdraw from the study at any time without facing any consequences.All participants were informed about the confidentiality measures in place to protect their identity and personal information. Data collected during the study will be used solely for research purposes and will be securely stored.This study was conducted in accordance with ethical standards and guidelines, and participants were encouraged to ask questions and seek clarification at any stage of the research process. If you have any further questions or concerns regarding the consent process, please contact fahadshahzadbjfu@gmail.com.
: The authors declare no competing interests.