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Article History

Received: 12 March 2025

Accepted: 25 March 2025

First Online: 19 May 2025

Declarations

:

: The registration of the GMSR took place at the German Register for Clinical Trials [Deutsches Register Klinischer Studien (DRKS); No. DRKS00011257]. The initial ethics vote was approved by University of Würzburg’s institutional review board (Permit No. 142/12). All participants provided written consent for the utilization of their anonymized data for research purposes.

: Not applicable.

: Marc Pawlitzki received honoraria for lecturing and travel expenses for attending meetings from Alexion, ArgenX, Bayer Health Care, Biogen, Hexal, Merck Serono, Novartis, Roche, Sanofi-Aventis, Takeda and Teva. His research is funded by ArgenX, Biogen, Demecan, Hexal, Horizon Merck Serono, Novartis, Roche, Viatris, Takeda and Teva. Niklas Frahm is an employee of the GMSR. Moreover, he is an employee of Rostock’s University Medical Center and received travel funds for research meetings from Novartis. None resulted in a conflict of interest. Melanie Peters, David Ellenberger and Mathia Kirstein had no personal financial interests to disclose other than being employees of the GMSR. Alexander Stahmann has no personal financial interests to disclose, other than being the leader of the GMSR, which receives (project) funding from a range of public and corporate sponsors, recently including G-BA, The German Retirement Insurance, The German MS Trust, German MS Society, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Merck, Novartis, Roche and TG/Neuraxpharm, all outside this study. Peter Flachenecker has received speaker’s fees and honoraria for advisory boards from Almirall, Bayer, Biogen Idec, BMS-Celgene, Coloplast, Genzyme, GW Pharma, Hexal, Janssen-Cilag, Novartis, Merck, Roche, Sanofi, Stadapharm and Teva. None resulted in a conflict of interest. Tim Friede has received personal fees for statistical consultancies (including data monitoring committees) from Actimed, Aslan, Bayer, BiosenseWebster, BMS, CSL Behring, Daiichi Sankyo, Enanta, Fresenius Kabi, Galapagos, IQVIA, Immunic, KyowaKirin, LivaNova, Minoryx, Novartis, PINK! gegen Brustkrebs, PPD, RECARDIO, Recordati, Relaxera, Roche, Servier, Viatris, Vifor and VICO Therapeutics. Kerstin Hellwig has received speaking fees and/or institutional grant support from Bayer, Biogen, BMS, Merck Serono, Novartis, Roche, Sanofi-Genzyme and Teva. None resulted in a conflict of interest. Dagmar Krefting has nothing to disclose. Michaela Mai is an employee of the German MS Society, federal association, which receives funding from a range of public and corporate sponsors, recently including BMG, G-BA, The German MS Trust, Biogen, BMS, Merck Serono, Novartis, Roche, Sanofi and Viatris. None resulted in a conflict of interest. Clemens Warnke has received institutional support from Novartis, Alexion, Sanofi Genzyme, Biogen, Merck and Roche. None resulted in a conflict of interest. Uwe K. Zettl has received speaking fees, travel support and /or financial support for research activities from Alexion, Almirall, Bayer, Biogen, Bristol Myers Squibb, Janssen, Merck Serono, Novartis, Octapharma, Roche, Sanofi Genzyme, Teva as well as EU, BMBF, BMWi and DFG. None resulted in a conflict of interest.