Kamradt, Till
Hemmer, Stefan
Trefzer, Raphael
Schmidmaier, Gerhard
Hug, Andreas
Rupp, Rüdiger
Lefering, Rolf
Weidner, Norbert https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1447-8967
Funding for this research was provided by:
Universitätsklinikum Heidelberg
Article History
Received: 27 May 2025
Accepted: 23 September 2025
First Online: 10 October 2025
Declarations
:
: The present study is exclusively based on routinely collected data gathered for the purpose of legally required external quality control. Thus, no patient consent was required. Our responsible ethics committee (University Witten/Herdecke, Germany) decided regarding a previous similar request (reference no. 64/2018) that no separate ethics vote is required when such de-personalized data are analyzed.
: Not applicable
: The authors declare that they have no competing interests.