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Authors
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Won Young Lee Brain Research Fund Academic Award
Ministry of Education and the Busan Metropolitan City (2025-glocal-02-004-812-01)
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Article History
Received: 8 April 2026
Accepted: 23 July 2026
First Online: 11 August 2026
Declarations
Ethics approval and consent to participate: The PPMI study was registered at ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT01141023). Each participating site obtained approval from its local ethics committee before study initiation, and written informed consent was obtained from all participants. The Institutional Review Board of Gyeongsang National University Hospital also approved the present study for secondary analysis of the PPMI dataset (IRB No. 2025-06-017).
Consent for publication: All authors have approved the manuscript before submission, including the names and order of authors.
Competing interests: The authors declare no conflicts of interest.
