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Article History

Received: 21 June 2024

Accepted: 20 May 2025

First Online: 6 October 2025

Declarations

:

: This study was approved by the Ethics Review Committee of Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan (Reference No.2023–8653-25336) on June 9,2023. In addition, written permissions were obtained from the district education officer and the school principals. Written consent was collected from the parents of the adolescents, and written assent was obtained from the participants of the study before data collection.

: Not applicable.

: The authors declare that they have no competing interests.