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Geospatial analysis and prevalence estimation of household drinking water treatment in sub-Saharan African countries: insights from recent demographic and health surveys

Crossref DOI link: https://doi.org/10.1186/s42506-026-00209-2

Published Online: 2026-03-27

Update policy: https://doi.org/10.1007/springer_crossmark_policy

Authors

Yitageasu, Gelila https://orcid.org/0009-0009-7398-4956
Alemu, Eyob Akalewold

Gebrehana, Alemayehu Kasu

Asnake, Angwach Abrham

Demoze, Lidetu https://orcid.org/0009-0008-8906-0689
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Text and Data Mining valid from 2026-03-27

Version of Record valid from 2026-03-27
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Article History

Received: 22 October 2025

Accepted: 13 January 2026

First Online: 27 March 2026

Declarations

:

: This study was based on secondary data previously collected and published household survey data of the sub-Saharan DHS. The study was made possible by obtaining a permission letter from www.dhsprogram.com after an online request. Informed consent, confidentiality, anonymity, and privacy of study participants are already ethically handled by the DHS office. As such, ethical approval was not required for this work. Review boards in each country provided ethical clearance for each included survey, with informed consent provided by all participants. Details of this process vary by survey. All methods were carried out following the Helsinki Declaration and guidelines and regulations. Outside of this study, the data were not used or changed.

: The authors declare no competing interests.

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