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Authors
Rekedal, Marana S.
Ruhs, Emily Cornelius
Ranaivoson, Hafaliana Christian
Mittal, Neil
Sterling, Spencer L.
Kettenburg, Gwenddolen
Andrianiaina, Angelo
Andry, Santino
Yan, Lianying
Lehrer, Axel T.
Héraud, Jean-Michel
Lacoste, Vincent
Dussart, Philippe
Brook, Cara E.
Laing, Eric D.
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (1R01AI129822)
Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (D18AC00031)
Branco Weiss Fellowship – Society in Science
Walter Foundation Biota Award
Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences (MIC-73-12915)
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Article History
Received: 24 March 2025
Accepted: 9 October 2025
First Online: 30 October 2025
Declarations
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: All sampling was carried out in strict accordance with research permits obtained from the Madagascar Ministry of Forest and the Environment (permit numbers 019/18, 170/18, 007/19, 197/19, 14/20) and under guidelines posted by the American Veterinary Medical Association. All field protocols employed were pre-approved by the UC Berkeley Animal Care and Use Committee (ACUC Protocol # AUP-2017-10-10393), and every effort was made to minimize discomfort to animals.
: The authors all consent to publication.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
