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Authors
Hossain, Muhammad Belal
Haider, Najmul
Islam, Md Saiful
Chowdhury, Sukanta
Sharif, Ahmad Raihan
Uzzaman, M. Salim
Rahman, Mohammad Mostafizur
Rahman, Mahbubur
Rahman, Mahmudur
Haque, Farhana
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, USA (Cooperative agreement no. 1U01GH001207-01)
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Article History
Received: 12 July 2025
Accepted: 26 March 2026
First Online: 30 March 2026
Declarations
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: The study protocol was approved by the Research Review Board (RRC), Ethical Review Committee (ERC) and the Animal Experimentation Ethics Committee (AEEC) of icddr, b (protocol number: PR-14072). Informed written consent was obtained from the animal owners or household heads to participate in this study before data collection. Confidentiality of the farmers and farm-related data was strictly maintained.
: Written consent was obtained from the animal owners for publication of this study findings.
: The content of this manuscript is solely the responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily reflect the official views of the U.S. Government, UK Aid from the Department of Health and Social Care, or any funding agencies.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
