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Environmental enrichment with nylon gnaw sticks introduces variation in Sprague Dawley rat immune and lower gastrointestinal parameters with differences between sexes

Crossref DOI link: https://doi.org/10.1186/s42523-024-00369-6

Published Online: 2025-01-31

Update policy: https://doi.org/10.1007/springer_crossmark_policy

Authors

Wulczynski, Mark

Brooks, Stephen P. J.

Green, Judy

Matias, Fernando

Kalmokoff, Martin

Green-Johnson, Julia M.

Clarke, Sandra T.
Funding

Funding for this research was provided by:

A-base funding at Health Canada (SPJB)

Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada Grant (RGPIN-2017-05237)
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Text and Data Mining valid from 2025-01-31

Version of Record valid from 2025-01-31
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Article History

Received: 27 August 2024

Accepted: 18 December 2024

First Online: 31 January 2025

Declarations

:

: This study was carried out in accordance with the guidelines of the Canadian Council for Laboratory Animals. The experimental protocol was approved by the Health Canada Ottawa Animal Care Committee (protocol number 2014-006) and the Ontario Tech University Animal Care Committee (AUP 14 − 004).

: Not applicable.

: The authors declare no competing interests.

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