Zheng, Wan
Hao, Baicun
Huang, Xin
Shi, Bi
Funding for this research was provided by:
the Joint Funds of the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. U24A20545)
the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 2217081161)
the Tianfu Yongxing Laboratory Organized Research Project Funding (No. 2024KJGG20)
the Program of Sichuan University Featured Research Groups in Engineering Disciplines
Article History
Received: 10 August 2025
Revised: 28 September 2025
Accepted: 29 September 2025
First Online: 15 October 2025
Declarations
:
: Xin Huang serves as the Executive Associate Editor-in-Chief of Collagen and Leather, and he was not involved in the editorial review, or the decision to publish this article. Bi Shi serves as the Editor-in-Chief of Collagen and Leather, and he was not involved in the editorial review, or the decision to publish this article. All authors declare that there are no competing interests.