Funding for this research was provided by:
National Natural Science Foundation of China (22478235)
National Natural Science Foundation of China (22078183)
National Natural Science Foundation of China (22108165)
Article History
Received: 21 May 2025
Revised: 30 September 2025
Accepted: 9 October 2025
First Online: 7 January 2026
Declarations
:
: Xuechuan Wang is a member of the editorial board of Collagen and Leather, but was not involved in the editorial review process or the decision to publish this article. All authors declare that there are no competing interests.