Hiroyuki, Imai https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0867-5243
Sumito, Matsuya
Tatsumi, Uemura
Kaoru, Fujino
Toshiaki, Kawabe
Kiyoshi, Kano
Takeshi, Kusakabe Ken
Article History
Received: 26 April 2025
Revised: 11 November 2025
Accepted: 19 November 2025
First Online: 1 December 2025
Declarations
:
: The human participant survey was approved by the Yamaguchi University Review Committee for Non-Medical Research Involving Human Participants (Approval Number: 2022–087-01).
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare the following competing interest: ARK Resource Co., Ltd. conducted independent validation experiments related to this study. The study design, data analysis, and manuscript preparation were independently conducted by the academic research team.