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Authors
London, Emily M.
Bull, Damian A.
Mason, Katy L.
Idrees, Tahir
Müller, Jacobus H.
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Bennett, Caroline
Duffy, David J.
Mannan, Ashim
Pilling, Richard W. D.
Saffarini, Mo
Sköld, Caroline
London, Nick J.
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Zimmer Biomet
European Knee Society
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Article History
Received: 20 November 2025
Accepted: 13 March 2026
First Online: 10 April 2026
Declarations
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: The study was approved by the Institutional Review Board (North West—Haydock Research Ethics Committee, Reference number: 21/NW/0120). All patients provided informed consent for participation and for the use of their data for research and publication.
: All patients provided informed consent for collecting and using their data.
: NJL declares a consultancy contract for teaching and development with Zimmer Biomet and royalties from Zimmer Biomet. All other authors (EML, DAB, KLM, TI, JHM, and the Harrogate Knee Study Group ) declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.
