Li, Zihan
Xu, Zhuwen
Li, Dajiang
Shao, Hui
Li, Huiwu
Kong, Keyu
Zhai, Zanjing
Funding for this research was provided by:
Natural Science Foundation of China (82472476)
Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (YG2023ZD15)
Shanghai Oriental Talent Program (BJWS2024020)
AI-Driven Reform of Research Paradigms Empowers Discipline Advancement Initiatives from Shanghai Municipal Education Commission (JWAIZD-7)
Article History
Received: 9 December 2025
Accepted: 25 March 2026
First Online: 14 April 2026
Declarations
:
: This retrospective study was approved by the medical ethics committee of Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine (SH9H-2025-T521-2).
: Not applicable.
: The SkyWalker robotic system evaluated in this study is manufactured by the MicroPort group. ZL, DL, and HS are full-time employees of MicroPort NaviBot (Suzhou) Co., Ltd., and ZL is also an employee of Shanghai MicroPort MedBot (Group) Co., Ltd. The remaining authors declare that they have no competing interests related to this work.