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Article History

Received: 3 February 2026

Accepted: 8 May 2026

First Online: 5 June 2026

Declarations

:

: The study was conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki and approved by Shanghai Sixth People’s Hospital (Approval No. 2023-KY-071). Written informed consent to participate was obtained from all participants.

: Not applicable.

: PL and GZ are Editorial Board Members of Arthroplasty and declared that all authors were not involved in the journal’s review or decisions related to this manuscript. The authors declare that they have no other competing interests.

: The custom code used for image-based planning and biomechanical analysis is not publicly posted because it contains research-specific implementation details. Relevant code supporting the main findings of this study is available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request.