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Authors
King, Alexander H.
Joachim, Kole
Hamad, Christopher D.
Abernethy, Casey
Cheng, Aaron
Ko, Timothy
Gettleman, Brandon
Lin, Adrian
Perrotta, Amanda
Jeong, Sumin
Dingle, Ezekiel
Wiener, Joshua M.
Stavrakis, Alexandra
Christ, Alexander B.
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Article History
Received: 20 April 2026
Accepted: 7 August 2026
First Online: 9 September 2026
Declarations
Ethics approval and consent to participate: This study used de-identified data from the TriNetX Research Network. All data in TriNetX are de-identified under the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA) Privacy Rule (45 CFR §164.514[b][ ]) using expert determination methods and minimum cell sizes (≥ 10). This study does not constitute human subjects research per 45 CFR §46.102 and is exempt from institutional review board oversight, and human consent is not applicable.
Consent for publication: Not applicable.
Competing interests: Alexander B. Christ reports professional activities with Stryker, Daiichi Sankyo, Globus, and Zimmer Biomet Holdings. He serves on the AAOS Hip & Knee Evaluation Committee, MSTS Fellowship Committee, and is Past President of the ORS Implant Section. He also serves on the editorial board of Arthroplasty and declares that he has no role in the peer-review or editorial decision-making process for this manuscript. Alexandra Stavrakis reports professional activities with Smith & Nephew and Zimmer. All other authors declare no conflicts of interest.
