Li, Zhiyao
Zhong, Jiahao
Wang, Ningbo https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5400-6948
Hao, Yongqiang
Wan, Xin
Jakowski, N.
Hoque, M. M.
Liu, Ang
Li, Zishen
Liu, Runqing
Nykiel, Grzegorz
Funding for this research was provided by:
National Natural Science Foundation of China (42374181)
National Natural Science Foundation of China (42374186)
National Natural Science Foundation of China (42441814)
Key Innovation Team of China Meteorological Administration ‘Space Weather Monitoring and Alerting’Youth Innovation Team (CMA2024ZD01)
Key Innovation Team of China Meteorological Administration ‘Ionospheric Forecast and Alerting’Youth Innovation Team (CMA2024QN09)
Shandong Key R&D Program and Jinan Haiyou Leading Talents Of Industry (2024CXGC00116)
Article History
Received: 24 July 2025
Revised: 19 November 2025
Accepted: 21 November 2025
First Online: 8 December 2025
Declarations
:
: The authors declare no competing interests.