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Article History

Received: 19 January 2026

Revised: 11 May 2026

Accepted: 13 May 2026

First Online: 12 June 2026

Declarations

:

: The datasets used in the current study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.

: Zheng Yao and Mingquan Lu are editorial board members for Satellite Navigation and were not involved in the editorial review, or the decision to publish, this article. All authors declare that there are no other competing interests.

: This work is sponsored by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) under Grant 42274018.

: Methodology, XCZ, ZY; Experiment, XCZ, CMF; Writing original draft, XCZ; Writing review and editing, ZY, ML; All authors read and approved the manuscript.

: Not applicable.